The Process of Atrophy: How Old Kidneys Shrink Over Time

Kidney Atrophy also known as Atrophic or Renal Atrophy refers to a kidney smaller than the average kidney size. Kidneys are the size of a fist around 10 to 12 cm or about 5 inches. It can happen in either one kidney or both kidneys. It may occur because of low blood supply to the kidneys or loss of nephrons (the basic working units of the kidneys). Kidney Atrophy results because of Blockage in the kidney or chronic kidney disease. Kidney Hypoplasia or Renal Hypoplasia is when someone is born with a smaller kidney. It occurs due to natural aging, poor health conditions, or lifestyle factors.

Types of Kidney Atrophy

It is a condition distinguished by chronic kidney disease where developing loss of kidney function leads to the shrinking of the kidney. There are some types of kidney atrophy including:

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)-Related Atrophy

Atrophy is a chronic or long-standing kidney disease that occurs when there is an increasing loss of kidney function, leading to the shrinkage of the kidney tissue. It can cause diabetes, glomerulonephritis, hypertension, and polycystic kidney disease.

Obstructive Atrophy

This atrophy is caused by protract obstruction of the urinary tract, which leads to back pressure on the kidneys and subsequent damage. It can cause kidney stones, tumors, and congenital abnormalities.

Ischemic Atrophy

This atrophy is caused by reducing blood flow to the kidneys, leading to shrinkage or tissue damage. It may be caused due to renal artery stenosis, atherosclerosis, or embolism.

Infectious Atrophy

Infectious atrophy happens due to severe kidney infections, causing inflammation and scarring. It often results in uneven or irregular kidney shape. It may be caused by recurrent urinary tract infections or pyelonephritis.

Congenital Atrophy

It is also known as Development Atrophy and is present from the birth. In congenital atrophy one or both kidneys are underdeveloped. Intrauterine growth restriction, genetic factors, or exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy can cause it.

Medication-Induced Atrophy

It is caused by using certain medications that can be nephrotoxic for a long period. It can be caused by other factors such as Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), certain antibiotics, and chemotherapy agents.

This Atrophy can be prevented by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regular monitoring of kidney function, avoiding harm-causing substances for the kidney, and managing chronic conditions effectively. 

Symptoms of Atrophy

Kidney Atrophy may happen or occur in various ways, and it generally shows no symptoms as they develop gradually over time. Few of the Kidney Atrophy may include:

• Abdominal weight
• Pain while passing urine
• Urinating more often
• Feeling tired
• Fatigue
• Blood in urine
• Itchy skin
• Discomfort in the kidney area
• Muscle cramps
• Swelling of the hands and feet

Note: above mentioned are some of the common symptoms causing atrophy. There might be more severe symptoms, if you feel any of them, you should immediately consult your surgeon or doctor.

What Causes Kidney Atrophy?

Kidney Atrophy causes may happen due to many reasons including A blocked Urinary tract means a blockage of the normal flow of urine, which might lead to pressure on the kidneys and damage to the nephrons, A Blocked kidney artery or blockage in the main arteries that supply blood to the kidneys, causing fatty deposits or blood clots, Long-lasting kidney infection caused by bacteria, kidney stones, or autoimmune disease of the kidney attacking the immune system of kidney.

What Are The Complications Of Kidney Atrophy?

If one kidney (unilateral) is affected by the atrophy then there might be fewer health problems. But, if both kidneys (bilateral) are affected by atrophy, it may lead to chronic kidney disease. These chronic kidney problems may eventually lead to kidney failure where patients will be put on dialysis or may need a kidney transplant.

Kidney Atrophy Diagnosis

Kidney Atrophy diagnosis combines clinical, imaging, and laboratory evaluation. This evaluation includes:

1. Imaging Studies includes many image tests like:

2. Clinical evaluation of medical history to identify symptoms like decreased urine, swelling, fatigue, or any history that may cause kidney damage, or physical examination, which includes checking for chronic kidney problems like high blood pressure or any abnormalities in the abdomen.

• Ultrasound
• CT scan (Computed Tomography)
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
• Nuclear Scans

3. Laboratory tests include two tests that are Blood tests like serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), or Urinary tests such as Urinalysis, and 24-hour urine collection.

Some other tests for diagnosing Kidney atrophy are Renal Biopsy, renal Doppler Ultrasound, and Angiography. Early diagnosis is key to managing kidney atrophy and many other diseases to prevent further damage. Doctors tailor the treatment plans by studying the causes and symptoms.

Kidney Atrophy Treatment in India

The atrophic kidney treatment in India is customized to meet the underlying causes of the kidney condition. This treatment has significantly advanced because many medical betterments offer patients comprehensive and effective care. New advancements in diagnostic technology allow early detection and accurate monitoring through urine, blood, and laboratory tests. Many alternative therapies such as stem cell therapy, ayurveda are being explored and used in a cautious manner for kidney failure or kidney cancer. India provides the best healthcare facilities for kidney atrophy treatment in India at very affordable prices compared to other countries to give patients a chance for a better quality of life.

Conclusion

Kidney Atrophy or Renal Atrophy is a serious health condition in which either one or both kidneys shrink in size and lose the ability to function properly. It may lead to chronic disease and further to kidney failure. Instant medical attention is required to address the underlying causes such as blockages, infections, or autoimmune disorders. Treatment options in India range from nutrition planning and medications to dialysis and kidney transplantation, depending on the patient's condition. Early detection and correct treatment may significantly improve patients' outcomes and quality of life. India with its comprehensive approach including lifestyle changes, nutritional planning, and stem cell therapy. India’s hospitals provide robust care for kidney atrophy. India’s medical expertise, excellent facilities, and affordable treatment costs ensure every patient receives the best care, making it an attractive spot for kidney atrophy treatment.

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